Which step is NOT involved in the product design process?

The product design process typically involves several key stages, and mass production is not one of those initial steps. The steps include research, which is critical for gathering information about user needs and market trends; conceptualization, where ideas and designs are developed based on the research findings; and evaluation, which entails assessing the design’s effectiveness, usability, and aesthetic appeal. These stages focus on the conceptual and developmental aspects of creating a product.

Mass production is a later phase that occurs after a product has been designed and tested. It involves the actual manufacturing of the product on a large scale, aimed at efficiently meeting market demand. This distinction highlights that while mass production is essential for delivering finalized products to consumers, it does not fall under the preliminary stages of the product design process where the focus is on developing and refining ideas.